G4GammaConversionToMuons.cc

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//
//         ------------ G4GammaConversionToMuons physics process ------
//         by H.Burkhardt, S. Kelner and R. Kokoulin, April 2002
//
//
// 07-08-02: missprint in OR condition in DoIt : f1<0 || f1>f1_max ..etc ...
// 25-10-04: migrade to new interfaces of ParticleChange (vi)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
#include "G4GammaConversionToMuons.hh"
#include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
#include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
#include "G4UnitsTable.hh"
#include "G4MuonPlus.hh"
#include "G4MuonMinus.hh"
#include "G4EmProcessSubType.hh"
#include "G4EmParameters.hh"
#include "G4LossTableManager.hh"
#include "G4BetheHeitler5DModel.hh"
#include "G4Gamma.hh"
#include "G4Electron.hh"
#include "G4Positron.hh"
#include "G4NistManager.hh"
#include "G4Log.hh"
#include "G4Exp.hh"
#include "G4ProductionCutsTable.hh"
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....
 
using namespace std;
 
static const G4double sqrte=sqrt(exp(1.));
static const G4double PowSat=-0.88;
 
G4GammaConversionToMuons::G4GammaConversionToMuons(const G4String& processName,
                           G4ProcessType type)
  : G4VDiscreteProcess (processName, type),
    Mmuon(G4MuonPlus::MuonPlus()->GetPDGMass()),
    Rc(CLHEP::elm_coupling/Mmuon),
    LimitEnergy (5.*Mmuon), 
    LowestEnergyLimit (2.*Mmuon), 
    HighestEnergyLimit(1e12*CLHEP::GeV), // ok to 1e12GeV, then LPM suppression
    theGamma(G4Gamma::Gamma()),
    theMuonPlus(G4MuonPlus::MuonPlus()),
    theMuonMinus(G4MuonMinus::MuonMinus())
{ 
  SetProcessSubType(fGammaConversionToMuMu);
  fManager = G4LossTableManager::Instance();
  fManager->Register(this);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....
 
G4GammaConversionToMuons::~G4GammaConversionToMuons() 
{
  fManager->DeRegister(this);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....
 
G4bool G4GammaConversionToMuons::IsApplicable(const G4ParticleDefinition& part)
{
  return (&part == theGamma);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void G4GammaConversionToMuons::BuildPhysicsTable(const G4ParticleDefinition& p)
// Build cross section and mean free path tables
{  //here no tables, just calling PrintInfoDefinition
  Energy5DLimit = G4EmParameters::Instance()->MaxEnergyFor5DMuPair();
  if(Energy5DLimit > 0.0 && nullptr != f5Dmodel) { 
    f5Dmodel = new G4BetheHeitler5DModel();
    f5Dmodel->SetLeptonPair(theMuonPlus, theMuonMinus);
    const std::size_t numElems = G4ProductionCutsTable::GetProductionCutsTable()->GetTableSize();
    const G4DataVector cuts(numElems);
    f5Dmodel->Initialise(&p, cuts);
  }
  PrintInfoDefinition();
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
G4double G4GammaConversionToMuons::GetMeanFreePath(const G4Track& aTrack,
                                                   G4double, G4ForceCondition*)
 
// returns the photon mean free path in GEANT4 internal units
// (MeanFreePath is a private member of the class)
 
{
   const G4DynamicParticle* aDynamicGamma = aTrack.GetDynamicParticle();
   G4double GammaEnergy = aDynamicGamma->GetKineticEnergy();
   const G4Material* aMaterial = aTrack.GetMaterial();
   return ComputeMeanFreePath(GammaEnergy, aMaterial);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
G4double 
G4GammaConversionToMuons::ComputeMeanFreePath(G4double GammaEnergy,
                                              const G4Material* aMaterial)
 
// computes and returns the photon mean free path in GEANT4 internal units
{
  if(GammaEnergy <= LowestEnergyLimit) { return DBL_MAX; }
  const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = aMaterial->GetElementVector();
  const G4double* NbOfAtomsPerVolume = aMaterial->GetVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume();
 
  G4double SIGMA = 0.0;
  G4double fact  = 1.0;
  G4double e = GammaEnergy;
  // low energy approximation as in Bethe-Heitler model
  if(e < LimitEnergy) {
    G4double y = (e - LowestEnergyLimit)/(LimitEnergy - LowestEnergyLimit);
    fact = y*y;
    e = LimitEnergy;
  } 
 
  for ( std::size_t i=0 ; i < aMaterial->GetNumberOfElements(); ++i)
  {
    SIGMA += NbOfAtomsPerVolume[i] * fact *
      ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom(e, (*theElementVector)[i]->GetZasInt());
  }
  return (SIGMA > 0.0) ? 1./SIGMA : DBL_MAX;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
G4double G4GammaConversionToMuons::GetCrossSectionPerAtom(
                                   const G4DynamicParticle* aDynamicGamma,
                                   const G4Element* anElement)
 
// gives the total cross section per atom in GEANT4 internal units
{
   return ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom(aDynamicGamma->GetKineticEnergy(),
                                     anElement->GetZasInt());
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....
 
G4double G4GammaConversionToMuons::ComputeCrossSectionPerAtom(
                         G4double Egam, G4int Z)
             
// Calculates the microscopic cross section in GEANT4 internal units.
// Total cross section parametrisation from H.Burkhardt
// It gives a good description at any energy (from 0 to 10**21 eV)
{ 
  if(Egam <= LowestEnergyLimit) { return 0.0; }
 
  G4NistManager* nist = G4NistManager::Instance();
 
  G4double PowThres,Ecor,B,Dn,Zthird,Winfty,WMedAppr,
    Wsatur,sigfac;
  
  if(Z==1) // special case of Hydrogen
    { B=202.4;
      Dn=1.49;
    }
  else
    { B=183.;
      Dn=1.54*nist->GetA27(Z);
    }
  Zthird=1./nist->GetZ13(Z); // Z**(-1/3)
  Winfty=B*Zthird*Mmuon/(Dn*electron_mass_c2);
  WMedAppr=1./(4.*Dn*sqrte*Mmuon);
  Wsatur=Winfty/WMedAppr;
  sigfac=4.*fine_structure_const*Z*Z*Rc*Rc;
  PowThres=1.479+0.00799*Dn;
  Ecor=-18.+4347./(B*Zthird);
  
  G4double CorFuc=1.+.04*G4Log(1.+Ecor/Egam);
  //G4double Eg=pow(1.-4.*Mmuon/Egam,PowThres)*pow( pow(Wsatur,PowSat)+
  //            pow(Egam,PowSat),1./PowSat); // threshold and saturation
  G4double Eg=G4Exp(G4Log(1.-4.*Mmuon/Egam)*PowThres)*
    G4Exp(G4Log( G4Exp(G4Log(Wsatur)*PowSat)+G4Exp(G4Log(Egam)*PowSat))/PowSat);
  G4double CrossSection=7./9.*sigfac*G4Log(1.+WMedAppr*CorFuc*Eg);
  CrossSection *= CrossSecFactor; // increase the CrossSection by  (by default 1)
  return CrossSection;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....
 
void G4GammaConversionToMuons::SetCrossSecFactor(G4double fac)
// Set the factor to artificially increase the cross section
{ 
  if(fac < 0.0) return;
  CrossSecFactor=fac;
  G4cout << "The cross section for GammaConversionToMuons is artificially "
         << "increased by the CrossSecFactor=" << CrossSecFactor << G4endl;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....
 
G4VParticleChange* G4GammaConversionToMuons::PostStepDoIt(
                                                        const G4Track& aTrack,
                                                        const G4Step&  aStep)
//
// generation of gamma->mu+mu-
//
{
  aParticleChange.Initialize(aTrack);
  const G4Material* aMaterial = aTrack.GetMaterial();
 
  // current Gamma energy and direction, return if energy too low
  const G4DynamicParticle *aDynamicGamma = aTrack.GetDynamicParticle();
  G4double Egam = aDynamicGamma->GetKineticEnergy();
  if (Egam <= LowestEnergyLimit) {
    return G4VDiscreteProcess::PostStepDoIt(aTrack,aStep);
  }
  //
  // Kill the incident photon
  //
  aParticleChange.ProposeMomentumDirection( 0., 0., 0. ) ;
  aParticleChange.ProposeEnergy( 0. ) ;
  aParticleChange.ProposeTrackStatus( fStopAndKill ) ;
 
  if (Egam <= Energy5DLimit) {
    std::vector<G4DynamicParticle*> fvect;
    f5Dmodel->SampleSecondaries(&fvect, aTrack.GetMaterialCutsCouple(), 
                aTrack.GetDynamicParticle(), 0.0, DBL_MAX);
    aParticleChange.SetNumberOfSecondaries((G4int)fvect.size());
    for(auto dp : fvect) { aParticleChange.AddSecondary(dp); }
    return G4VDiscreteProcess::PostStepDoIt(aTrack,aStep);
  }  
 
  G4ParticleMomentum GammaDirection = aDynamicGamma->GetMomentumDirection();
 
  // select randomly one element constituting the material
  const G4Element* anElement = SelectRandomAtom(aDynamicGamma, aMaterial);
  G4int Z = anElement->GetZasInt();
  G4NistManager* nist = G4NistManager::Instance();
 
  G4double B,Dn;
  G4double A027 = nist->GetA27(Z);
 
  if(Z==1) // special case of Hydrogen
    { B=202.4;
      Dn=1.49;
    }
  else
    { B=183.;
      Dn=1.54*A027;
    }
  G4double Zthird=1./nist->GetZ13(Z); // Z**(-1/3)
  G4double Winfty=B*Zthird*Mmuon/(Dn*electron_mass_c2);
 
  G4double C1Num=0.138*A027;
  G4double C1Num2=C1Num*C1Num;
  G4double C2Term2=electron_mass_c2/(183.*Zthird*Mmuon);
 
  G4double GammaMuonInv=Mmuon/Egam;
 
  // generate xPlus according to the differential cross section by rejection
  G4double xmin=(Egam < LimitEnergy) ? GammaMuonInv : .5-sqrt(.25-GammaMuonInv);
  G4double xmax=1.-xmin;
 
  G4double Ds2=(Dn*sqrte-2.);
  G4double sBZ=sqrte*B*Zthird/electron_mass_c2;
  G4double LogWmaxInv=1./G4Log(Winfty*(1.+2.*Ds2*GammaMuonInv)
                   /(1.+2.*sBZ*Mmuon*GammaMuonInv));
  G4double xPlus,xMinus,xPM,result,W;
  G4int nn = 0;
  const G4int nmax = 1000;
  do {
    xPlus=xmin+G4UniformRand()*(xmax-xmin);
    xMinus=1.-xPlus;
    xPM=xPlus*xMinus;
    G4double del=Mmuon*Mmuon/(2.*Egam*xPM);
    W=Winfty*(1.+Ds2*del/Mmuon)/(1.+sBZ*del);
    G4double xxp=1.-4./3.*xPM; // the main xPlus dependence
    result=(xxp > 0.) ? xxp*G4Log(W)*LogWmaxInv : 0.0;
    if(result>1.) {
      G4cout << "G4GammaConversionToMuons::PostStepDoIt WARNING:"
         << " in dSigxPlusGen, result=" << result << " > 1" << G4endl;
    }
    ++nn;
    if(nn >= nmax) { break; }
  }
  // Loop checking, 07-Aug-2015, Vladimir Ivanchenko
  while (G4UniformRand() > result);
 
  // now generate the angular variables via the auxilary variables t,psi,rho
  G4double t;
  G4double psi;
  G4double rho;
 
  G4double a3 = (GammaMuonInv/(2.*xPM));
  G4double a33 = a3*a3;
  G4double f1;
  G4double b1  = 1./(4.*C1Num2);
  G4double b3  = b1*b1*b1;
  G4double a21 = a33 + b1;
  
  G4double f1_max=-(1.-xPM)*(2.*b1+(a21+a33)*G4Log(a33/a21))/(2*b3);  
 
  G4double thetaPlus,thetaMinus,phiHalf; // final angular variables
  nn = 0;
  // t, psi, rho generation start  (while angle < pi)
  do {
    //generate t by the rejection method
    do { 
      ++nn;
      t=G4UniformRand();
      G4double a34=a33/(t*t);
      G4double a22 = a34 + b1;
      if(std::abs(b1)<0.0001*a34) 
    // special case of a34=a22 because of logarithm accuracy
    {
      f1=(1.-2.*xPM+4.*xPM*t*(1.-t))/(12.*a34*a34*a34*a34);
    }
      else
    {
      f1=-(1.-2.*xPM+4.*xPM*t*(1.-t))*(2.*b1+(a22+a34)*G4Log(a34/a22))/(2*b3);      
    }
      if(f1<0.0 || f1> f1_max) // should never happend
    {
      G4cout << "G4GammaConversionToMuons::PostStepDoIt WARNING:"
         << "outside allowed range f1=" << f1 
         << " is set to zero, a34 = "<< a34 << " a22 = "<<a22<<"."
         << G4endl;
      f1 = 0.0;
    }
      if(nn > nmax) { break; }
      // Loop checking, 07-Aug-2015, Vladimir Ivanchenko  
    } while ( G4UniformRand()*f1_max > f1);
    // generate psi by the rejection method
    G4double f2_max=1.-2.*xPM*(1.-4.*t*(1.-t));
    // long version
    G4double f2;
    do { 
      ++nn;
      psi=twopi*G4UniformRand();
      f2=1.-2.*xPM+4.*xPM*t*(1.-t)*(1.+cos(2.*psi));
      if(f2<0 || f2> f2_max) // should never happend
    {
      G4cout << "G4GammaConversionToMuons::PostStepDoIt WARNING:"
         << "outside allowed range f2=" << f2 << " is set to zero"
         << G4endl;
          f2 = 0.0;
    }
      if(nn >= nmax) { break; }
      // Loop checking, 07-Aug-2015, Vladimir Ivanchenko
    } while ( G4UniformRand()*f2_max > f2);
 
    // generate rho by direct transformation
    G4double C2Term1=GammaMuonInv/(2.*xPM*t);
    G4double C22 = C2Term1*C2Term1+C2Term2*C2Term2;
    G4double C2=4.*C22*C22/sqrt(xPM);
    G4double rhomax=(1./t-1.)*1.9/A027;
    G4double beta=G4Log( (C2+rhomax*rhomax*rhomax*rhomax)/C2 );
    rho=G4Exp(G4Log(C2 *( G4Exp(beta*G4UniformRand())-1. ))*0.25);
 
    //now get from t and psi the kinematical variables
    G4double u=sqrt(1./t-1.);
    G4double xiHalf=0.5*rho*cos(psi);
    phiHalf=0.5*rho/u*sin(psi);
 
    thetaPlus =GammaMuonInv*(u+xiHalf)/xPlus;
    thetaMinus=GammaMuonInv*(u-xiHalf)/xMinus;
 
    // protection against infinite loop
    if(nn > nmax) {
      if(std::abs(thetaPlus)>pi) { thetaPlus = 0.0; }
      if(std::abs(thetaMinus)>pi) { thetaMinus = 0.0; }
    }
 
    // Loop checking, 07-Aug-2015, Vladimir Ivanchenko
  } while ( std::abs(thetaPlus)>pi || std::abs(thetaMinus) >pi);
 
  // now construct the vectors
  // azimuthal symmetry, take phi0 at random between 0 and 2 pi
  G4double phi0=twopi*G4UniformRand(); 
  G4double EPlus=xPlus*Egam;
  G4double EMinus=xMinus*Egam;
 
  // mu+ mu- directions for gamma in z-direction
  G4ThreeVector MuPlusDirection  ( sin(thetaPlus) *cos(phi0+phiHalf),
                   sin(thetaPlus)  *sin(phi0+phiHalf), cos(thetaPlus) );
  G4ThreeVector MuMinusDirection (-sin(thetaMinus)*cos(phi0-phiHalf),
                  -sin(thetaMinus) *sin(phi0-phiHalf), cos(thetaMinus) );
  // rotate to actual gamma direction
  MuPlusDirection.rotateUz(GammaDirection);
  MuMinusDirection.rotateUz(GammaDirection);
  aParticleChange.SetNumberOfSecondaries(2);
  // create G4DynamicParticle object for the particle1
  G4DynamicParticle* aParticle1 = 
    new G4DynamicParticle(theMuonPlus,MuPlusDirection,EPlus-Mmuon);
  aParticleChange.AddSecondary(aParticle1);
  // create G4DynamicParticle object for the particle2
  G4DynamicParticle* aParticle2 = 
    new G4DynamicParticle(theMuonMinus,MuMinusDirection,EMinus-Mmuon);
  aParticleChange.AddSecondary(aParticle2);
  //  Reset NbOfInteractionLengthLeft and return aParticleChange
  return G4VDiscreteProcess::PostStepDoIt( aTrack, aStep );
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....
 
const G4Element* G4GammaConversionToMuons::SelectRandomAtom(
          const G4DynamicParticle* aDynamicGamma,
          const G4Material* aMaterial)
{
  // select randomly 1 element within the material, invoked by PostStepDoIt
 
  const std::size_t NumberOfElements      = aMaterial->GetNumberOfElements();
  const G4ElementVector* theElementVector = aMaterial->GetElementVector();
  const G4Element* elm = (*theElementVector)[0];
 
  if (NumberOfElements > 1) { 
    const G4double* NbOfAtomsPerVolume = aMaterial->GetVecNbOfAtomsPerVolume();
 
    G4double PartialSumSigma = 0.;
    G4double rval = G4UniformRand()/MeanFreePath;
 
    for (std::size_t i=0; i<NumberOfElements; ++i)
    { 
      elm = (*theElementVector)[i];
      PartialSumSigma += NbOfAtomsPerVolume[i]
    *GetCrossSectionPerAtom(aDynamicGamma, elm);
      if (rval <= PartialSumSigma) { break; }
    }
  }
  return elm;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo.....
 
void G4GammaConversionToMuons::PrintInfoDefinition()
{
  G4String comments ="gamma->mu+mu- Bethe Heitler process, SubType= ";
  G4cout << G4endl << GetProcessName() << ":  " << comments
     << GetProcessSubType() << G4endl;
  G4cout << "        good cross section parametrization from "
         << G4BestUnit(LowestEnergyLimit,"Energy")
         << " to " << HighestEnergyLimit/GeV << " GeV for all Z." << G4endl;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo....