G4OpBoundaryProcess.cc

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////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Optical Photon Boundary Process Class Implementation
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// File:        G4OpBoundaryProcess.cc
// Description: Discrete Process -- reflection/refraction at
//                                  optical interfaces
// Version:     1.1
// Created:     1997-06-18
// Modified:    1998-05-25 - Correct parallel component of polarization
//                           (thanks to: Stefano Magni + Giovanni Pieri)
//              1998-05-28 - NULL Rindex pointer before reuse
//                           (thanks to: Stefano Magni)
//              1998-06-11 - delete *sint1 in oblique reflection
//                           (thanks to: Giovanni Pieri)
//              1998-06-19 - move from GetLocalExitNormal() to the new
//                           method: GetLocalExitNormal(&valid) to get
//                           the surface normal in all cases
//              1998-11-07 - NULL OpticalSurface pointer before use
//                           comparison not sharp for: std::abs(cost1) < 1.0
//                           remove sin1, sin2 in lines 556,567
//                           (thanks to Stefano Magni)
//              1999-10-10 - Accommodate changes done in DoAbsorption by
//                           changing logic in DielectricMetal
//              2001-10-18 - avoid Linux (gcc-2.95.2) warning about variables
//                           might be used uninitialized in this function
//                           moved E2_perp, E2_parl and E2_total out of 'if'
//              2003-11-27 - Modified line 168-9 to reflect changes made to
//                           G4OpticalSurface class ( by Fan Lei)
//              2004-02-02 - Set theStatus = Undefined at start of DoIt
//              2005-07-28 - add G4ProcessType to constructor
//              2006-11-04 - add capability of calculating the reflectivity
//                           off a metal surface by way of a complex index
//                           of refraction - Thanks to Sehwook Lee and John
//                           Hauptman (Dept. of Physics - Iowa State Univ.)
//              2009-11-10 - add capability of simulating surface reflections
//                           with Look-Up-Tables (LUT) containing measured
//                           optical reflectance for a variety of surface
//                           treatments - Thanks to Martin Janecek and
//                           William Moses (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.)
//              2013-06-01 - add the capability of simulating the transmission
//                           of a dichronic filter
//              2017-02-24 - add capability of simulating surface reflections
//                           with Look-Up-Tables (LUT) developed in DAVIS
//
// Author:      Peter Gumplinger
//      adopted from work by Werner Keil - April 2/96
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
#include "G4OpBoundaryProcess.hh"
 
#include "G4ios.hh"
#include "G4GeometryTolerance.hh"
#include "G4LogicalBorderSurface.hh"
#include "G4LogicalSkinSurface.hh"
#include "G4OpProcessSubType.hh"
#include "G4OpticalParameters.hh"
#include "G4ParallelWorldProcess.hh"
#include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
#include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
#include "G4TransportationManager.hh"
#include "G4VSensitiveDetector.hh"
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
G4OpBoundaryProcess::G4OpBoundaryProcess(const G4String& processName,
                                         G4ProcessType ptype)
  : G4VDiscreteProcess(processName, ptype)
{
  Initialise();
 
  if(verboseLevel > 0)
  {
    G4cout << GetProcessName() << " is created " << G4endl;
  }
  SetProcessSubType(fOpBoundary);
 
  fStatus           = Undefined;
  fModel            = glisur;
  fFinish           = polished;
  fReflectivity     = 1.;
  fEfficiency       = 0.;
  fTransmittance    = 0.;
  fSurfaceRoughness = 0.;
  fProb_sl          = 0.;
  fProb_ss          = 0.;
  fProb_bs          = 0.;
 
  fRealRIndexMPV  = nullptr;
  fImagRIndexMPV  = nullptr;
  fMaterial1      = nullptr;
  fMaterial2      = nullptr;
  fOpticalSurface = nullptr;
  fCarTolerance   = G4GeometryTolerance::GetInstance()->GetSurfaceTolerance();
 
  f_iTE = f_iTM   = 0;
  fPhotonMomentum = 0.;
  fRindex1 = fRindex2 = 1.;
  fSint1              = 0.;
  fDichroicVector     = nullptr;
 
  fNumWarnings = 0;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
G4OpBoundaryProcess::~G4OpBoundaryProcess() = default;
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
void G4OpBoundaryProcess::PreparePhysicsTable(const G4ParticleDefinition&)
{
  Initialise();
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
void G4OpBoundaryProcess::Initialise()
{
  G4OpticalParameters* params = G4OpticalParameters::Instance();
  SetInvokeSD(params->GetBoundaryInvokeSD());
  SetVerboseLevel(params->GetBoundaryVerboseLevel());
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
G4VParticleChange* G4OpBoundaryProcess::PostStepDoIt(const G4Track& aTrack,
                                                     const G4Step& aStep)
{
  fStatus = Undefined;
  aParticleChange.Initialize(aTrack);
  aParticleChange.ProposeVelocity(aTrack.GetVelocity());
 
  // Get hyperStep from  G4ParallelWorldProcess
  //  NOTE: PostSetpDoIt of this process to be invoked after
  //  G4ParallelWorldProcess!
  const G4Step* pStep = &aStep;
  const G4Step* hStep = G4ParallelWorldProcess::GetHyperStep();
  if(hStep != nullptr)
    pStep = hStep;
 
  if(pStep->GetPostStepPoint()->GetStepStatus() == fGeomBoundary)
  {
    fMaterial1 = pStep->GetPreStepPoint()->GetMaterial();
    fMaterial2 = pStep->GetPostStepPoint()->GetMaterial();
  }
  else
  {
    fStatus = NotAtBoundary;
    if(verboseLevel > 1)
      BoundaryProcessVerbose();
    return G4VDiscreteProcess::PostStepDoIt(aTrack, aStep);
  }
 
  G4VPhysicalVolume* thePrePV  = pStep->GetPreStepPoint()->GetPhysicalVolume();
  G4VPhysicalVolume* thePostPV = pStep->GetPostStepPoint()->GetPhysicalVolume();
 
  if(verboseLevel > 1)
  {
    G4cout << " Photon at Boundary! " << G4endl;
    if(thePrePV != nullptr)
      G4cout << " thePrePV:  " << thePrePV->GetName() << G4endl;
    if(thePostPV != nullptr)
      G4cout << " thePostPV: " << thePostPV->GetName() << G4endl;
  }
 
  G4double stepLength = aTrack.GetStepLength();
  if(stepLength <= fCarTolerance)
  {
    fStatus = StepTooSmall;
    if(verboseLevel > 1)
      BoundaryProcessVerbose();
 
    G4MaterialPropertyVector* groupvel = nullptr;
    G4MaterialPropertiesTable* aMPT = fMaterial2->GetMaterialPropertiesTable();
    if(aMPT != nullptr)
    {
      groupvel = aMPT->GetProperty(kGROUPVEL);
    }
 
    if(groupvel != nullptr)
    {
      aParticleChange.ProposeVelocity(
        groupvel->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_groupvel));
    }
    return G4VDiscreteProcess::PostStepDoIt(aTrack, aStep);
  }
  else if (stepLength <= 10.*fCarTolerance && fNumWarnings < 10)
  {  // see bug 2510
    ++fNumWarnings;
    {
      G4ExceptionDescription ed;
      ed << "G4OpBoundaryProcess: "
         << "Opticalphoton step length: " << stepLength/mm << " mm." << G4endl
         << "This is larger than the threshold " << fCarTolerance/mm << " mm "
            "to set status StepTooSmall." << G4endl
         << "Boundary scattering may be incorrect. ";
      if(fNumWarnings == 10)
      {
        ed << G4endl << "*** Step size warnings stopped.";
      }
      G4Exception("G4OpBoundaryProcess", "OpBoun06", JustWarning, ed, "");
    }
  }
 
  const G4DynamicParticle* aParticle = aTrack.GetDynamicParticle();
 
  fPhotonMomentum  = aParticle->GetTotalMomentum();
  fOldMomentum     = aParticle->GetMomentumDirection();
  fOldPolarization = aParticle->GetPolarization();
 
  if(verboseLevel > 1)
  {
    G4cout << " Old Momentum Direction: " << fOldMomentum << G4endl
           << " Old Polarization:       " << fOldPolarization << G4endl;
  }
 
  G4ThreeVector theGlobalPoint = pStep->GetPostStepPoint()->GetPosition();
  G4bool valid;
 
  // ID of Navigator which limits step
  G4int hNavId = G4ParallelWorldProcess::GetHypNavigatorID();
  auto iNav    = G4TransportationManager::GetTransportationManager()
                ->GetActiveNavigatorsIterator();
  fGlobalNormal = (iNav[hNavId])->GetGlobalExitNormal(theGlobalPoint, &valid);
 
  if(valid)
  {
    fGlobalNormal = -fGlobalNormal;
  }
  else
  {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << " G4OpBoundaryProcess/PostStepDoIt(): "
       << " The Navigator reports that it returned an invalid normal" << G4endl;
    G4Exception(
      "G4OpBoundaryProcess::PostStepDoIt", "OpBoun01", EventMustBeAborted, ed,
      "Invalid Surface Normal - Geometry must return valid surface normal");
  }
 
  if(fOldMomentum * fGlobalNormal > 0.0)
  {
#ifdef G4OPTICAL_DEBUG
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << " G4OpBoundaryProcess/PostStepDoIt(): fGlobalNormal points in a "
          "wrong direction. "
       << G4endl
       << "   The momentum of the photon arriving at interface (oldMomentum)"
       << "   must exit the volume cross in the step. " << G4endl
       << "   So it MUST have dot < 0 with the normal that Exits the new "
          "volume (globalNormal)."
       << G4endl << "   >> The dot product of oldMomentum and global Normal is "
       << fOldMomentum * fGlobalNormal << G4endl
       << "     Old Momentum  (during step)     = " << fOldMomentum << G4endl
       << "     Global Normal (Exiting New Vol) = " << fGlobalNormal << G4endl
       << G4endl;
    G4Exception("G4OpBoundaryProcess::PostStepDoIt", "OpBoun02",
                EventMustBeAborted,  // Or JustWarning to see if it happens
                                     // repeatedly on one ray
                ed,
                "Invalid Surface Normal - Geometry must return valid surface "
                "normal pointing in the right direction");
#else
    fGlobalNormal = -fGlobalNormal;
#endif
  }
 
  G4MaterialPropertyVector* rIndexMPV = nullptr;
  G4MaterialPropertiesTable* MPT = fMaterial1->GetMaterialPropertiesTable();
  if(MPT != nullptr)
  {
    rIndexMPV = MPT->GetProperty(kRINDEX);
  }
  if(rIndexMPV != nullptr)
  {
    fRindex1 = rIndexMPV->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_rindex1);
  }
  else
  {
    fStatus = NoRINDEX;
    if(verboseLevel > 1)
      BoundaryProcessVerbose();
    aParticleChange.ProposeLocalEnergyDeposit(fPhotonMomentum);
    aParticleChange.ProposeTrackStatus(fStopAndKill);
    return G4VDiscreteProcess::PostStepDoIt(aTrack, aStep);
  }
 
  fReflectivity      = 1.;
  fEfficiency        = 0.;
  fTransmittance     = 0.;
  fSurfaceRoughness  = 0.;
  fModel             = glisur;
  fFinish            = polished;
  G4SurfaceType type = dielectric_dielectric;
 
  rIndexMPV       = nullptr;
  fOpticalSurface = nullptr;
 
  G4LogicalSurface* surface =
    G4LogicalBorderSurface::GetSurface(thePrePV, thePostPV);
  if(surface == nullptr)
  {
    if(thePostPV->GetMotherLogical() == thePrePV->GetLogicalVolume())
    {
      surface = G4LogicalSkinSurface::GetSurface(thePostPV->GetLogicalVolume());
      if(surface == nullptr)
      {
        surface =
          G4LogicalSkinSurface::GetSurface(thePrePV->GetLogicalVolume());
      }
    }
    else
    {
      surface = G4LogicalSkinSurface::GetSurface(thePrePV->GetLogicalVolume());
      if(surface == nullptr)
      {
        surface =
          G4LogicalSkinSurface::GetSurface(thePostPV->GetLogicalVolume());
      }
    }
  }
 
  if(surface != nullptr)
  {
    fOpticalSurface =
      dynamic_cast<G4OpticalSurface*>(surface->GetSurfaceProperty());
  }
  if(fOpticalSurface != nullptr)
  {
    type    = fOpticalSurface->GetType();
    fModel  = fOpticalSurface->GetModel();
    fFinish = fOpticalSurface->GetFinish();
 
    G4MaterialPropertiesTable* sMPT =
      fOpticalSurface->GetMaterialPropertiesTable();
    if(sMPT != nullptr)
    {
      if(fFinish == polishedbackpainted || fFinish == groundbackpainted)
      {
        rIndexMPV = sMPT->GetProperty(kRINDEX);
        if(rIndexMPV != nullptr)
        {
          fRindex2 = rIndexMPV->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_rindex_surface);
        }
        else
        {
          fStatus = NoRINDEX;
          if(verboseLevel > 1)
            BoundaryProcessVerbose();
          aParticleChange.ProposeLocalEnergyDeposit(fPhotonMomentum);
          aParticleChange.ProposeTrackStatus(fStopAndKill);
          return G4VDiscreteProcess::PostStepDoIt(aTrack, aStep);
        }
      }
 
      fRealRIndexMPV = sMPT->GetProperty(kREALRINDEX);
      fImagRIndexMPV = sMPT->GetProperty(kIMAGINARYRINDEX);
      f_iTE = f_iTM = 1;
 
      G4MaterialPropertyVector* pp;
      if((pp = sMPT->GetProperty(kREFLECTIVITY)))
      {
        fReflectivity = pp->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_reflect);
      }
      else if(fRealRIndexMPV && fImagRIndexMPV)
      {
        CalculateReflectivity();
      }
 
      if((pp = sMPT->GetProperty(kEFFICIENCY)))
      {
        fEfficiency = pp->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_eff);
      }
      if((pp = sMPT->GetProperty(kTRANSMITTANCE)))
      {
        fTransmittance = pp->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_trans);
      }
      if(sMPT->ConstPropertyExists(kSURFACEROUGHNESS))
      {
        fSurfaceRoughness = sMPT->GetConstProperty(kSURFACEROUGHNESS);
      }
 
      if(fModel == unified)
      {
        fProb_sl = (pp = sMPT->GetProperty(kSPECULARLOBECONSTANT))
                     ? pp->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_lobe)
                     : 0.;
        fProb_ss = (pp = sMPT->GetProperty(kSPECULARSPIKECONSTANT))
                     ? pp->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_spike)
                     : 0.;
        fProb_bs = (pp = sMPT->GetProperty(kBACKSCATTERCONSTANT))
                     ? pp->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_back)
                     : 0.;
      }
    }  // end of if(sMPT)
    else if(fFinish == polishedbackpainted || fFinish == groundbackpainted)
    {
      aParticleChange.ProposeLocalEnergyDeposit(fPhotonMomentum);
      aParticleChange.ProposeTrackStatus(fStopAndKill);
      return G4VDiscreteProcess::PostStepDoIt(aTrack, aStep);
    }
  }  // end of if(fOpticalSurface)
 
  //  DIELECTRIC-DIELECTRIC
  if(type == dielectric_dielectric)
  {
    if(fFinish == polished || fFinish == ground)
    {
      if(fMaterial1 == fMaterial2)
      {
        fStatus = SameMaterial;
        if(verboseLevel > 1)
          BoundaryProcessVerbose();
        return G4VDiscreteProcess::PostStepDoIt(aTrack, aStep);
      }
      MPT       = fMaterial2->GetMaterialPropertiesTable();
      rIndexMPV = nullptr;
      if(MPT != nullptr)
      {
        rIndexMPV = MPT->GetProperty(kRINDEX);
      }
      if(rIndexMPV != nullptr)
      {
        fRindex2 = rIndexMPV->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_rindex2);
      }
      else
      {
        fStatus = NoRINDEX;
        if(verboseLevel > 1)
          BoundaryProcessVerbose();
        aParticleChange.ProposeLocalEnergyDeposit(fPhotonMomentum);
        aParticleChange.ProposeTrackStatus(fStopAndKill);
        return G4VDiscreteProcess::PostStepDoIt(aTrack, aStep);
      }
    }
    if(fFinish == polishedbackpainted || fFinish == groundbackpainted)
    {
      DielectricDielectric();
    }
    else
    {
      G4double rand = G4UniformRand();
      if(rand > fReflectivity + fTransmittance)
      {
        DoAbsorption();
      }
      else if(rand > fReflectivity)
      {
        fStatus          = Transmission;
        fNewMomentum     = fOldMomentum;
        fNewPolarization = fOldPolarization;
      }
      else
      {
        if(fFinish == polishedfrontpainted)
        {
          DoReflection();
        }
        else if(fFinish == groundfrontpainted)
        {
          fStatus = LambertianReflection;
          DoReflection();
        }
        else
        {
          DielectricDielectric();
        }
      }
    }
  }
  else if(type == dielectric_metal)
  {
    DielectricMetal();
  }
  else if(type == dielectric_LUT)
  {
    DielectricLUT();
  }
  else if(type == dielectric_LUTDAVIS)
  {
    DielectricLUTDAVIS();
  }
  else if(type == dielectric_dichroic)
  {
    DielectricDichroic();
  }
  else if(type == coated)
  {
    CoatedDielectricDielectric();
  }
  else
  {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << " PostStepDoIt(): Illegal boundary type." << G4endl;
    G4Exception("G4OpBoundaryProcess", "OpBoun04", JustWarning, ed);
    return G4VDiscreteProcess::PostStepDoIt(aTrack, aStep);
  }
 
  fNewMomentum     = fNewMomentum.unit();
  fNewPolarization = fNewPolarization.unit();
 
  if(verboseLevel > 1)
  {
    G4cout << " New Momentum Direction: " << fNewMomentum << G4endl
           << " New Polarization:       " << fNewPolarization << G4endl;
    BoundaryProcessVerbose();
  }
 
  aParticleChange.ProposeMomentumDirection(fNewMomentum);
  aParticleChange.ProposePolarization(fNewPolarization);
 
  if(fStatus == FresnelRefraction || fStatus == Transmission)
  {
    // not all surface types check that fMaterial2 has an MPT
    G4MaterialPropertiesTable* aMPT = fMaterial2->GetMaterialPropertiesTable();
    G4MaterialPropertyVector* groupvel = nullptr;
    if(aMPT != nullptr)
    {
      groupvel = aMPT->GetProperty(kGROUPVEL);
    }
    if(groupvel != nullptr)
    {
      aParticleChange.ProposeVelocity(
        groupvel->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_groupvel));
    }
  }
 
  if(fStatus == Detection && fInvokeSD)
    InvokeSD(pStep);
  return G4VDiscreteProcess::PostStepDoIt(aTrack, aStep);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
void G4OpBoundaryProcess::BoundaryProcessVerbose() const
{
  G4cout << " *** ";
  if(fStatus == Undefined)
    G4cout << "Undefined";
  else if(fStatus == Transmission)
    G4cout << "Transmission";
  else if(fStatus == FresnelRefraction)
    G4cout << "FresnelRefraction";
  else if(fStatus == FresnelReflection)
    G4cout << "FresnelReflection";
  else if(fStatus == TotalInternalReflection)
    G4cout << "TotalInternalReflection";
  else if(fStatus == LambertianReflection)
    G4cout << "LambertianReflection";
  else if(fStatus == LobeReflection)
    G4cout << "LobeReflection";
  else if(fStatus == SpikeReflection)
    G4cout << "SpikeReflection";
  else if(fStatus == BackScattering)
    G4cout << "BackScattering";
  else if(fStatus == PolishedLumirrorAirReflection)
    G4cout << "PolishedLumirrorAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == PolishedLumirrorGlueReflection)
    G4cout << "PolishedLumirrorGlueReflection";
  else if(fStatus == PolishedAirReflection)
    G4cout << "PolishedAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == PolishedTeflonAirReflection)
    G4cout << "PolishedTeflonAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == PolishedTiOAirReflection)
    G4cout << "PolishedTiOAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == PolishedTyvekAirReflection)
    G4cout << "PolishedTyvekAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == PolishedVM2000AirReflection)
    G4cout << "PolishedVM2000AirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == PolishedVM2000GlueReflection)
    G4cout << "PolishedVM2000GlueReflection";
  else if(fStatus == EtchedLumirrorAirReflection)
    G4cout << "EtchedLumirrorAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == EtchedLumirrorGlueReflection)
    G4cout << "EtchedLumirrorGlueReflection";
  else if(fStatus == EtchedAirReflection)
    G4cout << "EtchedAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == EtchedTeflonAirReflection)
    G4cout << "EtchedTeflonAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == EtchedTiOAirReflection)
    G4cout << "EtchedTiOAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == EtchedTyvekAirReflection)
    G4cout << "EtchedTyvekAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == EtchedVM2000AirReflection)
    G4cout << "EtchedVM2000AirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == EtchedVM2000GlueReflection)
    G4cout << "EtchedVM2000GlueReflection";
  else if(fStatus == GroundLumirrorAirReflection)
    G4cout << "GroundLumirrorAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == GroundLumirrorGlueReflection)
    G4cout << "GroundLumirrorGlueReflection";
  else if(fStatus == GroundAirReflection)
    G4cout << "GroundAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == GroundTeflonAirReflection)
    G4cout << "GroundTeflonAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == GroundTiOAirReflection)
    G4cout << "GroundTiOAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == GroundTyvekAirReflection)
    G4cout << "GroundTyvekAirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == GroundVM2000AirReflection)
    G4cout << "GroundVM2000AirReflection";
  else if(fStatus == GroundVM2000GlueReflection)
    G4cout << "GroundVM2000GlueReflection";
  else if(fStatus == Absorption)
    G4cout << "Absorption";
  else if(fStatus == Detection)
    G4cout << "Detection";
  else if(fStatus == NotAtBoundary)
    G4cout << "NotAtBoundary";
  else if(fStatus == SameMaterial)
    G4cout << "SameMaterial";
  else if(fStatus == StepTooSmall)
    G4cout << "StepTooSmall";
  else if(fStatus == NoRINDEX)
    G4cout << "NoRINDEX";
  else if(fStatus == Dichroic)
    G4cout << "Dichroic Transmission";
  else if(fStatus == CoatedDielectricReflection)
    G4cout << "Coated Dielectric Reflection";
  else if(fStatus == CoatedDielectricRefraction)
    G4cout << "Coated Dielectric Refraction";
  else if(fStatus == CoatedDielectricFrustratedTransmission)
    G4cout << "Coated Dielectric Frustrated Transmission";
 
  G4cout << " ***" << G4endl;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
G4ThreeVector G4OpBoundaryProcess::GetFacetNormal(
  const G4ThreeVector& momentum, const G4ThreeVector& normal) const
{
  G4ThreeVector facetNormal;
  if(fModel == unified || fModel == LUT || fModel == DAVIS)
  {
    /* This function codes alpha to a random value taken from the
    distribution p(alpha) = g(alpha; 0, sigma_alpha)*std::sin(alpha),
    for alpha > 0 and alpha < 90, where g(alpha; 0, sigma_alpha) is a
    gaussian distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation sigma_alpha.  */
 
    G4double sigma_alpha = 0.0;
    if(fOpticalSurface)
      sigma_alpha = fOpticalSurface->GetSigmaAlpha();
    if(sigma_alpha == 0.0)
    {
      return normal;
    }
 
    G4double f_max = std::min(1.0, 4. * sigma_alpha);
    G4double alpha, phi, sinAlpha;
 
    do
    {  // Loop checking, 13-Aug-2015, Peter Gumplinger
      do
      {  // Loop checking, 13-Aug-2015, Peter Gumplinger
        alpha    = G4RandGauss::shoot(0.0, sigma_alpha);
        sinAlpha = std::sin(alpha);
      } while(G4UniformRand() * f_max > sinAlpha || alpha >= halfpi);
 
      phi = G4UniformRand() * twopi;
      facetNormal.set(sinAlpha * std::cos(phi), sinAlpha * std::sin(phi),
                      std::cos(alpha));
      facetNormal.rotateUz(normal);
    } while(momentum * facetNormal >= 0.0);
  }
  else
  {
    G4double polish = 1.0;
    if(fOpticalSurface)
      polish = fOpticalSurface->GetPolish();
    if(polish < 1.0)
    {
      do
      {  // Loop checking, 13-Aug-2015, Peter Gumplinger
        G4ThreeVector smear;
        do
        {  // Loop checking, 13-Aug-2015, Peter Gumplinger
          smear.setX(2. * G4UniformRand() - 1.);
          smear.setY(2. * G4UniformRand() - 1.);
          smear.setZ(2. * G4UniformRand() - 1.);
        } while(smear.mag2() > 1.0);
        facetNormal = normal + (1. - polish) * smear;
      } while(momentum * facetNormal >= 0.0);
      facetNormal = facetNormal.unit();
    }
    else
    {
      facetNormal = normal;
    }
  }
  return facetNormal;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
void G4OpBoundaryProcess::DielectricMetal()
{
  G4int n = 0;
  G4double rand;
  G4ThreeVector A_trans;
 
  do
  {
    ++n;
    rand = G4UniformRand();
    if(rand > fReflectivity && n == 1)
    {
      if(rand > fReflectivity + fTransmittance)
      {
        DoAbsorption();
      }
      else
      {
        fStatus          = Transmission;
        fNewMomentum     = fOldMomentum;
        fNewPolarization = fOldPolarization;
      }
      break;
    }
    else
    {
      if(fRealRIndexMPV && fImagRIndexMPV)
      {
        if(n > 1)
        {
          CalculateReflectivity();
          if(!G4BooleanRand(fReflectivity))
          {
            DoAbsorption();
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      if(fModel == glisur || fFinish == polished)
      {
        DoReflection();
      }
      else
      {
        if(n == 1)
          ChooseReflection();
        if(fStatus == LambertianReflection)
        {
          DoReflection();
        }
        else if(fStatus == BackScattering)
        {
          fNewMomentum     = -fOldMomentum;
          fNewPolarization = -fOldPolarization;
        }
        else
        {
          if(fStatus == LobeReflection)
          {
            if(!fRealRIndexMPV || !fImagRIndexMPV)
            {
              fFacetNormal = GetFacetNormal(fOldMomentum, fGlobalNormal);
            }
            // else
            //  case of complex rindex needs to be implemented
          }
          fNewMomentum =
            fOldMomentum - 2. * fOldMomentum * fFacetNormal * fFacetNormal;
 
          if(f_iTE > 0 && f_iTM > 0)
          {
            fNewPolarization =
              -fOldPolarization +
              (2. * fOldPolarization * fFacetNormal * fFacetNormal);
          }
          else if(f_iTE > 0)
          {
            A_trans = (fSint1 > 0.0) ? fOldMomentum.cross(fFacetNormal).unit()
                                     : fOldPolarization;
            fNewPolarization = -A_trans;
          }
          else if(f_iTM > 0)
          {
            fNewPolarization =
              -fNewMomentum.cross(A_trans).unit();  // = -A_paral
          }
        }
      }
      fOldMomentum     = fNewMomentum;
      fOldPolarization = fNewPolarization;
    }
    // Loop checking, 13-Aug-2015, Peter Gumplinger
  } while(fNewMomentum * fGlobalNormal < 0.0);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
void G4OpBoundaryProcess::DielectricLUT()
{
  G4int thetaIndex, phiIndex;
  G4double angularDistVal, thetaRad, phiRad;
  G4ThreeVector perpVectorTheta, perpVectorPhi;
 
  fStatus = G4OpBoundaryProcessStatus(
    G4int(fFinish) + (G4int(NoRINDEX) - G4int(groundbackpainted)));
 
  G4int thetaIndexMax = fOpticalSurface->GetThetaIndexMax();
  G4int phiIndexMax   = fOpticalSurface->GetPhiIndexMax();
 
  G4double rand;
 
  do
  {
    rand = G4UniformRand();
    if(rand > fReflectivity)
    {
      if(rand > fReflectivity + fTransmittance)
      {
        DoAbsorption();
      }
      else
      {
        fStatus          = Transmission;
        fNewMomentum     = fOldMomentum;
        fNewPolarization = fOldPolarization;
      }
      break;
    }
    else
    {
      // Calculate Angle between Normal and Photon Momentum
      G4double anglePhotonToNormal = fOldMomentum.angle(-fGlobalNormal);
      // Round to closest integer: LBNL model array has 91 values
      G4int angleIncident = (G4int)std::lrint(anglePhotonToNormal / CLHEP::deg);
 
      // Take random angles THETA and PHI,
      // and see if below Probability - if not - Redo
      do
      {
        thetaIndex = (G4int)G4RandFlat::shootInt(thetaIndexMax - 1);
        phiIndex   = (G4int)G4RandFlat::shootInt(phiIndexMax - 1);
        // Find probability with the new indeces from LUT
        angularDistVal = fOpticalSurface->GetAngularDistributionValue(
          angleIncident, thetaIndex, phiIndex);
        // Loop checking, 13-Aug-2015, Peter Gumplinger
      } while(!G4BooleanRand(angularDistVal));
 
      thetaRad = G4double(-90 + 4 * thetaIndex) * pi / 180.;
      phiRad   = G4double(-90 + 5 * phiIndex) * pi / 180.;
      // Rotate Photon Momentum in Theta, then in Phi
      fNewMomentum = -fOldMomentum;
 
      perpVectorTheta = fNewMomentum.cross(fGlobalNormal);
      if(perpVectorTheta.mag() < fCarTolerance)
      {
        perpVectorTheta = fNewMomentum.orthogonal();
      }
      fNewMomentum =
        fNewMomentum.rotate(anglePhotonToNormal - thetaRad, perpVectorTheta);
      perpVectorPhi = perpVectorTheta.cross(fNewMomentum);
      fNewMomentum  = fNewMomentum.rotate(-phiRad, perpVectorPhi);
 
      // Rotate Polarization too:
      fFacetNormal     = (fNewMomentum - fOldMomentum).unit();
      fNewPolarization = -fOldPolarization +
                         (2. * fOldPolarization * fFacetNormal * fFacetNormal);
    }
    // Loop checking, 13-Aug-2015, Peter Gumplinger
  } while(fNewMomentum * fGlobalNormal <= 0.0);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
void G4OpBoundaryProcess::DielectricLUTDAVIS()
{
  G4int angindex, random, angleIncident;
  G4double reflectivityValue, elevation, azimuth;
  G4double anglePhotonToNormal;
 
  G4int lutbin  = fOpticalSurface->GetLUTbins();
  G4double rand = G4UniformRand();
 
  G4double sinEl;
  G4ThreeVector u, vNorm, w;
 
  do
  {
    anglePhotonToNormal = fOldMomentum.angle(-fGlobalNormal);
 
    // Davis model has 90 reflection bins: round down
    // don't allow angleIncident to be 90 for anglePhotonToNormal close to 90
    angleIncident = std::min(
      static_cast<G4int>(std::floor(anglePhotonToNormal / CLHEP::deg)), 89);
    reflectivityValue = fOpticalSurface->GetReflectivityLUTValue(angleIncident);
 
    if(rand > reflectivityValue)
    {
      if(fEfficiency > 0.)
      {
        DoAbsorption();
        break;
      }
      else
      {
        fStatus = Transmission;
 
        if(angleIncident <= 0.01)
        {
          fNewMomentum = fOldMomentum;
          break;
        }
 
        do
        {
          random = (G4int)G4RandFlat::shootInt(1, lutbin + 1);
          angindex =
            (((random * 2) - 1)) + angleIncident * lutbin * 2 + 3640000;
 
          azimuth =
            fOpticalSurface->GetAngularDistributionValueLUT(angindex - 1);
          elevation = fOpticalSurface->GetAngularDistributionValueLUT(angindex);
        } while(elevation == 0. && azimuth == 0.);
 
        sinEl = std::sin(elevation);
        vNorm = (fGlobalNormal.cross(fOldMomentum)).unit();
        u     = vNorm.cross(fGlobalNormal) * (sinEl * std::cos(azimuth));
        vNorm *= (sinEl * std::sin(azimuth));
        // fGlobalNormal shouldn't be modified here
        w            = (fGlobalNormal *= std::cos(elevation));
        fNewMomentum = u + vNorm + w;
 
        // Rotate Polarization too:
        fFacetNormal     = (fNewMomentum - fOldMomentum).unit();
        fNewPolarization = -fOldPolarization + (2. * fOldPolarization *
                                                fFacetNormal * fFacetNormal);
      }
    }
    else
    {
      fStatus = LobeReflection;
 
      if(angleIncident == 0)
      {
        fNewMomentum = -fOldMomentum;
        break;
      }
 
      do
      {
        random   = (G4int)G4RandFlat::shootInt(1, lutbin + 1);
        angindex = (((random * 2) - 1)) + (angleIncident - 1) * lutbin * 2;
 
        azimuth = fOpticalSurface->GetAngularDistributionValueLUT(angindex - 1);
        elevation = fOpticalSurface->GetAngularDistributionValueLUT(angindex);
      } while(elevation == 0. && azimuth == 0.);
 
      sinEl = std::sin(elevation);
      vNorm = (fGlobalNormal.cross(fOldMomentum)).unit();
      u     = vNorm.cross(fGlobalNormal) * (sinEl * std::cos(azimuth));
      vNorm *= (sinEl * std::sin(azimuth));
      // fGlobalNormal shouldn't be modified here
      w = (fGlobalNormal *= std::cos(elevation));
 
      fNewMomentum = u + vNorm + w;
 
      // Rotate Polarization too: (needs revision)
      fNewPolarization = fOldPolarization;
    }
  } while(fNewMomentum * fGlobalNormal <= 0.0);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
void G4OpBoundaryProcess::DielectricDichroic()
{
  // Calculate Angle between Normal and Photon Momentum
  G4double anglePhotonToNormal = fOldMomentum.angle(-fGlobalNormal);
 
  // Round it to closest integer
  G4double angleIncident = std::floor(180. / pi * anglePhotonToNormal + 0.5);
 
  if(!fDichroicVector)
  {
    if(fOpticalSurface)
      fDichroicVector = fOpticalSurface->GetDichroicVector();
  }
 
  if(fDichroicVector)
  {
    G4double wavelength = h_Planck * c_light / fPhotonMomentum;
    fTransmittance      = fDichroicVector->Value(wavelength / nm, angleIncident,
                                            idx_dichroicX, idx_dichroicY) *
                     perCent;
    //   G4cout << "wavelength: " << std::floor(wavelength/nm)
    //                            << "nm" << G4endl;
    //   G4cout << "Incident angle: " << angleIncident << "deg" << G4endl;
    //   G4cout << "Transmittance: "
    //          << std::floor(fTransmittance/perCent) << "%" << G4endl;
  }
  else
  {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << " G4OpBoundaryProcess/DielectricDichroic(): "
       << " The dichroic surface has no G4Physics2DVector" << G4endl;
    G4Exception("G4OpBoundaryProcess::DielectricDichroic", "OpBoun03",
                FatalException, ed,
                "A dichroic surface must have an associated G4Physics2DVector");
  }
 
  if(!G4BooleanRand(fTransmittance))
  {  // Not transmitted, so reflect
    if(fModel == glisur || fFinish == polished)
    {
      DoReflection();
    }
    else
    {
      ChooseReflection();
      if(fStatus == LambertianReflection)
      {
        DoReflection();
      }
      else if(fStatus == BackScattering)
      {
        fNewMomentum     = -fOldMomentum;
        fNewPolarization = -fOldPolarization;
      }
      else
      {
        G4double PdotN, EdotN;
        do
        {
          if(fStatus == LobeReflection)
          {
            fFacetNormal = GetFacetNormal(fOldMomentum, fGlobalNormal);
          }
          PdotN        = fOldMomentum * fFacetNormal;
          fNewMomentum = fOldMomentum - (2. * PdotN) * fFacetNormal;
          // Loop checking, 13-Aug-2015, Peter Gumplinger
        } while(fNewMomentum * fGlobalNormal <= 0.0);
 
        EdotN            = fOldPolarization * fFacetNormal;
        fNewPolarization = -fOldPolarization + (2. * EdotN) * fFacetNormal;
      }
    }
  }
  else
  {
    fStatus          = Dichroic;
    fNewMomentum     = fOldMomentum;
    fNewPolarization = fOldPolarization;
  }
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
void G4OpBoundaryProcess::DielectricDielectric()
{
  G4bool inside = false;
  G4bool swap   = false;
 
  if(fFinish == polished)
  {
    fFacetNormal = fGlobalNormal;
  }
  else
  {
    fFacetNormal = GetFacetNormal(fOldMomentum, fGlobalNormal);
  }
  G4double cost1 = -fOldMomentum * fFacetNormal;
  G4double cost2 = 0.;
  G4double sint2 = 0.;
 
  G4bool surfaceRoughnessCriterionPass = true;
  if(fSurfaceRoughness != 0. && fRindex1 > fRindex2)
  {
    G4double wavelength                = h_Planck * c_light / fPhotonMomentum;
    G4double surfaceRoughnessCriterion = std::exp(-std::pow(
      (4. * pi * fSurfaceRoughness * fRindex1 * cost1 / wavelength), 2));
    surfaceRoughnessCriterionPass = G4BooleanRand(surfaceRoughnessCriterion);
  }
 
leap:
 
  G4bool through = false;
  G4bool done    = false;
 
  G4ThreeVector A_trans, A_paral, E1pp, E1pl;
  G4double E1_perp, E1_parl;
  G4double s1, s2, E2_perp, E2_parl, E2_total, transCoeff;
  G4double E2_abs, C_parl, C_perp;
  G4double alpha;
 
  do
  {
    if(through)
    {
      swap          = !swap;
      through       = false;
      fGlobalNormal = -fGlobalNormal;
      G4SwapPtr(fMaterial1, fMaterial2);
      G4SwapObj(&fRindex1, &fRindex2);
    }
 
    if(fFinish == polished)
    {
      fFacetNormal = fGlobalNormal;
    }
    else
    {
      fFacetNormal = GetFacetNormal(fOldMomentum, fGlobalNormal);
    }
 
    cost1 = -fOldMomentum * fFacetNormal;
    if(std::abs(cost1) < 1.0 - fCarTolerance)
    {
      fSint1 = std::sqrt(1. - cost1 * cost1);
      sint2  = fSint1 * fRindex1 / fRindex2;  // *** Snell's Law ***
      // this isn't a sine as we might expect from the name; can be > 1
    }
    else
    {
      fSint1 = 0.0;
      sint2  = 0.0;
    }
 
    // TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
    if(sint2 >= 1.0)
    {
      swap = false;
 
      fStatus = TotalInternalReflection;
      if(!surfaceRoughnessCriterionPass)
        fStatus = LambertianReflection;
      if(fModel == unified && fFinish != polished)
        ChooseReflection();
      if(fStatus == LambertianReflection)
      {
        DoReflection();
      }
      else if(fStatus == BackScattering)
      {
        fNewMomentum     = -fOldMomentum;
        fNewPolarization = -fOldPolarization;
      }
      else
      {
        fNewMomentum =
          fOldMomentum - 2. * fOldMomentum * fFacetNormal * fFacetNormal;
        fNewPolarization = -fOldPolarization + (2. * fOldPolarization *
                                                fFacetNormal * fFacetNormal);
      }
    }
    // NOT TIR
    else if(sint2 < 1.0)
    {
      // Calculate amplitude for transmission (Q = P x N)
      if(cost1 > 0.0)
      {
        cost2 = std::sqrt(1. - sint2 * sint2);
      }
      else
      {
        cost2 = -std::sqrt(1. - sint2 * sint2);
      }
 
      if(fSint1 > 0.0)
      {
        A_trans = (fOldMomentum.cross(fFacetNormal)).unit();
        E1_perp = fOldPolarization * A_trans;
        E1pp    = E1_perp * A_trans;
        E1pl    = fOldPolarization - E1pp;
        E1_parl = E1pl.mag();
      }
      else
      {
        A_trans = fOldPolarization;
        // Here we Follow Jackson's conventions and set the parallel
        // component = 1 in case of a ray perpendicular to the surface
        E1_perp = 0.0;
        E1_parl = 1.0;
      }
 
      s1       = fRindex1 * cost1;
      E2_perp  = 2. * s1 * E1_perp / (fRindex1 * cost1 + fRindex2 * cost2);
      E2_parl  = 2. * s1 * E1_parl / (fRindex2 * cost1 + fRindex1 * cost2);
      E2_total = E2_perp * E2_perp + E2_parl * E2_parl;
      s2       = fRindex2 * cost2 * E2_total;
 
      if(fTransmittance > 0.)
        transCoeff = fTransmittance;
      else if(cost1 != 0.0)
        transCoeff = s2 / s1;
      else
        transCoeff = 0.0;
 
      // NOT TIR: REFLECTION
      if(!G4BooleanRand(transCoeff))
      {
        swap    = false;
        fStatus = FresnelReflection;
 
        if(!surfaceRoughnessCriterionPass)
          fStatus = LambertianReflection;
        if(fModel == unified && fFinish != polished)
          ChooseReflection();
        if(fStatus == LambertianReflection)
        {
          DoReflection();
        }
        else if(fStatus == BackScattering)
        {
          fNewMomentum     = -fOldMomentum;
          fNewPolarization = -fOldPolarization;
        }
        else
        {
          fNewMomentum =
            fOldMomentum - 2. * fOldMomentum * fFacetNormal * fFacetNormal;
          if(fSint1 > 0.0)
          {  // incident ray oblique
            E2_parl  = fRindex2 * E2_parl / fRindex1 - E1_parl;
            E2_perp  = E2_perp - E1_perp;
            E2_total = E2_perp * E2_perp + E2_parl * E2_parl;
            A_paral  = (fNewMomentum.cross(A_trans)).unit();
            E2_abs   = std::sqrt(E2_total);
            C_parl   = E2_parl / E2_abs;
            C_perp   = E2_perp / E2_abs;
 
            fNewPolarization = C_parl * A_paral + C_perp * A_trans;
          }
          else
          {  // incident ray perpendicular
            if(fRindex2 > fRindex1)
            {
              fNewPolarization = -fOldPolarization;
            }
            else
            {
              fNewPolarization = fOldPolarization;
            }
          }
        }
      }
      // NOT TIR: TRANSMISSION
      else
      {
        inside  = !inside;
        through = true;
        fStatus = FresnelRefraction;
 
        if(fSint1 > 0.0)
        {  // incident ray oblique
          alpha        = cost1 - cost2 * (fRindex2 / fRindex1);
          fNewMomentum = (fOldMomentum + alpha * fFacetNormal).unit();
          A_paral      = (fNewMomentum.cross(A_trans)).unit();
          E2_abs       = std::sqrt(E2_total);
          C_parl       = E2_parl / E2_abs;
          C_perp       = E2_perp / E2_abs;
 
          fNewPolarization = C_parl * A_paral + C_perp * A_trans;
        }
        else
        {  // incident ray perpendicular
          fNewMomentum     = fOldMomentum;
          fNewPolarization = fOldPolarization;
        }
      }
    }
 
    fOldMomentum     = fNewMomentum.unit();
    fOldPolarization = fNewPolarization.unit();
 
    if(fStatus == FresnelRefraction)
    {
      done = (fNewMomentum * fGlobalNormal <= 0.0);
    }
    else
    {
      done = (fNewMomentum * fGlobalNormal >= -fCarTolerance);
    }
    // Loop checking, 13-Aug-2015, Peter Gumplinger
  } while(!done);
 
  if(inside && !swap)
  {
    if(fFinish == polishedbackpainted || fFinish == groundbackpainted)
    {
      G4double rand = G4UniformRand();
      if(rand > fReflectivity + fTransmittance)
      {
        DoAbsorption();
      }
      else if(rand > fReflectivity)
      {
        fStatus          = Transmission;
        fNewMomentum     = fOldMomentum;
        fNewPolarization = fOldPolarization;
      }
      else
      {
        if(fStatus != FresnelRefraction)
        {
          fGlobalNormal = -fGlobalNormal;
        }
        else
        {
          swap = !swap;
          G4SwapPtr(fMaterial1, fMaterial2);
          G4SwapObj(&fRindex1, &fRindex2);
        }
        if(fFinish == groundbackpainted)
          fStatus = LambertianReflection;
 
        DoReflection();
 
        fGlobalNormal = -fGlobalNormal;
        fOldMomentum  = fNewMomentum;
 
        goto leap;
      }
    }
  }
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
G4double G4OpBoundaryProcess::GetMeanFreePath(const G4Track&, G4double,
                                              G4ForceCondition* condition)
{
  *condition = Forced;
  return DBL_MAX;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
G4double G4OpBoundaryProcess::GetIncidentAngle()
{
  return pi - std::acos(fOldMomentum * fFacetNormal /
                        (fOldMomentum.mag() * fFacetNormal.mag()));
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
G4double G4OpBoundaryProcess::GetReflectivity(G4double E1_perp,
                                              G4double E1_parl,
                                              G4double incidentangle,
                                              G4double realRindex,
                                              G4double imaginaryRindex)
{
  G4complex reflectivity, reflectivity_TE, reflectivity_TM;
  G4complex N1(fRindex1, 0.), N2(realRindex, imaginaryRindex);
  G4complex cosPhi;
 
  G4complex u(1., 0.);  // unit number 1
 
  G4complex numeratorTE;  // E1_perp=1 E1_parl=0 -> TE polarization
  G4complex numeratorTM;  // E1_parl=1 E1_perp=0 -> TM polarization
  G4complex denominatorTE, denominatorTM;
  G4complex rTM, rTE;
 
  G4MaterialPropertiesTable* MPT = fMaterial1->GetMaterialPropertiesTable();
  G4MaterialPropertyVector* ppR  = MPT->GetProperty(kREALRINDEX);
  G4MaterialPropertyVector* ppI  = MPT->GetProperty(kIMAGINARYRINDEX);
  if(ppR && ppI)
  {
    G4double rRindex = ppR->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_rrindex);
    G4double iRindex = ppI->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_irindex);
    N1               = G4complex(rRindex, iRindex);
  }
 
  // Following two equations, rTM and rTE, are from: "Introduction To Modern
  // Optics" written by Fowles
  cosPhi = std::sqrt(u - ((std::sin(incidentangle) * std::sin(incidentangle)) *
                          (N1 * N1) / (N2 * N2)));
 
  numeratorTE   = N1 * std::cos(incidentangle) - N2 * cosPhi;
  denominatorTE = N1 * std::cos(incidentangle) + N2 * cosPhi;
  rTE           = numeratorTE / denominatorTE;
 
  numeratorTM   = N2 * std::cos(incidentangle) - N1 * cosPhi;
  denominatorTM = N2 * std::cos(incidentangle) + N1 * cosPhi;
  rTM           = numeratorTM / denominatorTM;
 
  // This is my (PG) calculaton for reflectivity on a metallic surface
  // depending on the fraction of TE and TM polarization
  // when TE polarization, E1_parl=0 and E1_perp=1, R=abs(rTE)^2 and
  // when TM polarization, E1_parl=1 and E1_perp=0, R=abs(rTM)^2
 
  reflectivity_TE = (rTE * conj(rTE)) * (E1_perp * E1_perp) /
                    (E1_perp * E1_perp + E1_parl * E1_parl);
  reflectivity_TM = (rTM * conj(rTM)) * (E1_parl * E1_parl) /
                    (E1_perp * E1_perp + E1_parl * E1_parl);
  reflectivity = reflectivity_TE + reflectivity_TM;
 
  do
  {
    if(G4UniformRand() * real(reflectivity) > real(reflectivity_TE))
    {
      f_iTE = -1;
    }
    else
    {
      f_iTE = 1;
    }
    if(G4UniformRand() * real(reflectivity) > real(reflectivity_TM))
    {
      f_iTM = -1;
    }
    else
    {
      f_iTM = 1;
    }
    // Loop checking, 13-Aug-2015, Peter Gumplinger
  } while(f_iTE < 0 && f_iTM < 0);
 
  return real(reflectivity);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
void G4OpBoundaryProcess::CalculateReflectivity()
{
  G4double realRindex = fRealRIndexMPV->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_rrindex);
  G4double imaginaryRindex =
    fImagRIndexMPV->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_irindex);
 
  // calculate FacetNormal
  if(fFinish == ground)
  {
    fFacetNormal = GetFacetNormal(fOldMomentum, fGlobalNormal);
  }
  else
  {
    fFacetNormal = fGlobalNormal;
  }
 
  G4double cost1 = -fOldMomentum * fFacetNormal;
  if(std::abs(cost1) < 1.0 - fCarTolerance)
  {
    fSint1 = std::sqrt(1. - cost1 * cost1);
  }
  else
  {
    fSint1 = 0.0;
  }
 
  G4ThreeVector A_trans, A_paral, E1pp, E1pl;
  G4double E1_perp, E1_parl;
 
  if(fSint1 > 0.0)
  {
    A_trans = (fOldMomentum.cross(fFacetNormal)).unit();
    E1_perp = fOldPolarization * A_trans;
    E1pp    = E1_perp * A_trans;
    E1pl    = fOldPolarization - E1pp;
    E1_parl = E1pl.mag();
  }
  else
  {
    A_trans = fOldPolarization;
    // Here we Follow Jackson's conventions and we set the parallel
    // component = 1 in case of a ray perpendicular to the surface
    E1_perp = 0.0;
    E1_parl = 1.0;
  }
 
  G4double incidentangle = GetIncidentAngle();
 
  // calculate the reflectivity depending on incident angle,
  // polarization and complex refractive
  fReflectivity = GetReflectivity(E1_perp, E1_parl, incidentangle, realRindex,
                                  imaginaryRindex);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
G4bool G4OpBoundaryProcess::InvokeSD(const G4Step* pStep)
{
  G4Step aStep = *pStep;
  aStep.AddTotalEnergyDeposit(fPhotonMomentum);
 
  G4VSensitiveDetector* sd = aStep.GetPostStepPoint()->GetSensitiveDetector();
  if(sd != nullptr)
    return sd->Hit(&aStep);
  else
    return false;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
inline void G4OpBoundaryProcess::SetInvokeSD(G4bool flag)
{
  fInvokeSD = flag;
  G4OpticalParameters::Instance()->SetBoundaryInvokeSD(fInvokeSD);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
void G4OpBoundaryProcess::SetVerboseLevel(G4int verbose)
{
  verboseLevel = verbose;
  G4OpticalParameters::Instance()->SetBoundaryVerboseLevel(verboseLevel);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
void G4OpBoundaryProcess::CoatedDielectricDielectric()
{
  G4MaterialPropertyVector* pp = nullptr;
 
  G4MaterialPropertiesTable* MPT = fMaterial2->GetMaterialPropertiesTable();
  if((pp = MPT->GetProperty(kRINDEX)))
  {
    fRindex2 = pp->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_rindex2);
  }
 
  MPT = fOpticalSurface->GetMaterialPropertiesTable();
  if((pp = MPT->GetProperty(kCOATEDRINDEX)))
  {
    fCoatedRindex = pp->Value(fPhotonMomentum, idx_coatedrindex);
  }
  if(MPT->ConstPropertyExists(kCOATEDTHICKNESS))
  {
    fCoatedThickness = MPT->GetConstProperty(kCOATEDTHICKNESS);
  }
  if(MPT->ConstPropertyExists(kCOATEDFRUSTRATEDTRANSMISSION))
  {
    fCoatedFrustratedTransmission =
      (G4bool)MPT->GetConstProperty(kCOATEDFRUSTRATEDTRANSMISSION);
  }
 
  G4double sintTL;
  G4double wavelength = h_Planck * c_light / fPhotonMomentum;
  G4double PdotN;
  G4double E1_perp, E1_parl;
  G4double s1, E2_perp, E2_parl, E2_total, transCoeff;
  G4double E2_abs, C_parl, C_perp;
  G4double alpha;
  G4ThreeVector A_trans, A_paral, E1pp, E1pl;
  //G4bool Inside  = false;
  //G4bool Swap    = false;
  G4bool through = false;
  G4bool done    = false;
 
  do {
    if (through)
    {
      //Swap = !Swap;
      through = false;
      fGlobalNormal = -fGlobalNormal;
      G4SwapPtr(fMaterial1, fMaterial2);
      G4SwapObj(&fRindex1, &fRindex2);
    }
 
    if(fFinish == polished)
    {
      fFacetNormal = fGlobalNormal;
    }
    else
    {
      fFacetNormal = GetFacetNormal(fOldMomentum, fGlobalNormal);
    }
 
    PdotN = fOldMomentum * fFacetNormal;
    G4double cost1 = -PdotN;
    G4double sint2, cost2 = 0.;
 
    if (std::abs(cost1) < 1.0 - fCarTolerance)
    {
      fSint1 = std::sqrt(1. - cost1 * cost1);
      sint2 = fSint1 * fRindex1 / fRindex2;
      sintTL = fSint1 * fRindex1 / fCoatedRindex;
    } else
    {
      fSint1 = 0.0;
      sint2 = 0.0;
      sintTL = 0.0;
    }
 
    if (fSint1 > 0.0)
    {
      A_trans = fOldMomentum.cross(fFacetNormal);
      A_trans = A_trans.unit();
      E1_perp = fOldPolarization * A_trans;
      E1pp = E1_perp * A_trans;
      E1pl = fOldPolarization - E1pp;
      E1_parl = E1pl.mag();
    }
    else
    {
      A_trans = fOldPolarization;
      E1_perp = 0.0;
      E1_parl = 1.0;
    }
 
    s1 = fRindex1 * cost1;
 
    if (cost1 > 0.0)
    {
      cost2 = std::sqrt(1. - sint2 * sint2);
    }
    else
    {
      cost2 = -std::sqrt(1. - sint2 * sint2);
    }
 
    transCoeff = 0.0;
 
    if (sintTL >= 1.0)
    { // --> Angle > Angle Limit
      //Swap = false;
    }
    E2_perp = 2. * s1 * E1_perp / (fRindex1 * cost1 + fRindex2 * cost2);
    E2_parl = 2. * s1 * E1_parl / (fRindex2 * cost1 + fRindex1 * cost2);
    E2_total = E2_perp * E2_perp + E2_parl * E2_parl;
 
    transCoeff = 1. - GetReflectivityThroughThinLayer(
                        sintTL, E1_perp, E1_parl, wavelength, cost1, cost2);
    if (!G4BooleanRand(transCoeff))
    {
      if(verboseLevel > 2)
        G4cout << "Reflection from " << fMaterial1->GetName() << " to "
               << fMaterial2->GetName() << G4endl;
 
      //Swap = false;
 
      if (sintTL >= 1.0)
      {
        fStatus = TotalInternalReflection;
      }
      else
      {
        fStatus = CoatedDielectricReflection;
      }
 
      PdotN = fOldMomentum * fFacetNormal;
      fNewMomentum = fOldMomentum - (2. * PdotN) * fFacetNormal;
 
      if (fSint1 > 0.0) {   // incident ray oblique
 
        E2_parl = fRindex2 * E2_parl / fRindex1 - E1_parl;
        E2_perp = E2_perp - E1_perp;
        E2_total = E2_perp * E2_perp + E2_parl * E2_parl;
        A_paral = fNewMomentum.cross(A_trans);
        A_paral = A_paral.unit();
        E2_abs = std::sqrt(E2_total);
        C_parl = E2_parl / E2_abs;
        C_perp = E2_perp / E2_abs;
 
        fNewPolarization = C_parl * A_paral + C_perp * A_trans;
 
      }
      else
      {               // incident ray perpendicular
        if (fRindex2 > fRindex1)
        {
          fNewPolarization = -fOldPolarization;
        }
        else
        {
          fNewPolarization = fOldPolarization;
        }
      }
 
    } else { // photon gets transmitted
      if (verboseLevel > 2)
        G4cout << "Transmission from " << fMaterial1->GetName() << " to "
               << fMaterial2->GetName() << G4endl;
 
      //Inside = !Inside;
      through = true;
 
      if (fEfficiency > 0.)
      {
        DoAbsorption();
        return;
      }
      else
      {
        if (sintTL >= 1.0)
        {
          fStatus = CoatedDielectricFrustratedTransmission;
        }
        else
        {
          fStatus = CoatedDielectricRefraction;
        }
 
        if (fSint1 > 0.0) {      // incident ray oblique
 
          alpha = cost1 - cost2 * (fRindex2 / fRindex1);
          fNewMomentum = fOldMomentum + alpha * fFacetNormal;
          fNewMomentum = fNewMomentum.unit();
          A_paral = fNewMomentum.cross(A_trans);
          A_paral = A_paral.unit();
          E2_abs = std::sqrt(E2_total);
          C_parl = E2_parl / E2_abs;
          C_perp = E2_perp / E2_abs;
 
          fNewPolarization = C_parl * A_paral + C_perp * A_trans;
 
        }
        else
        {                  // incident ray perpendicular
          fNewMomentum = fOldMomentum;
          fNewPolarization = fOldPolarization;
        }
      }
    }
 
    fOldMomentum = fNewMomentum.unit();
    fOldPolarization = fNewPolarization.unit();
    if ((fStatus == CoatedDielectricFrustratedTransmission) ||
        (fStatus == CoatedDielectricRefraction))
    {
      done = (fNewMomentum * fGlobalNormal <= 0.0);
    }
    else
    {
      done = (fNewMomentum * fGlobalNormal >= -fCarTolerance);
    }
 
  } while (!done);
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
G4double G4OpBoundaryProcess::GetReflectivityThroughThinLayer(G4double sinTL,
                   G4double E1_perp,
                   G4double E1_parl,
                   G4double wavelength, G4double cost1, G4double cost2) {
  G4complex Reflectivity, Reflectivity_TE, Reflectivity_TM;
  G4double gammaTL, costTL;
 
  G4complex i(0, 1);
  G4complex rTM, rTE;
  G4complex r1toTL, rTLto2;
  G4double k0 = 2 * pi / wavelength;
 
  // Angle > Angle limit
  if (sinTL >= 1.0) {
    if (fCoatedFrustratedTransmission) { //Frustrated transmission
 
      if (cost1 > 0.0)
      {
        gammaTL = std::sqrt(fRindex1 * fRindex1 * fSint1 * fSint1 -
                   fCoatedRindex * fCoatedRindex);
      }
      else
      {
        gammaTL = -std::sqrt(fRindex1 * fRindex1 * fSint1 * fSint1 -
                   fCoatedRindex * fCoatedRindex);
      }
 
      // TE
      r1toTL = (fRindex1 * cost1 - i * gammaTL) / (fRindex1 * cost1 + i * gammaTL);
      rTLto2 = (i * gammaTL - fRindex2 * cost2) / (i * gammaTL + fRindex2 * cost2);
      if (cost1 != 0.0)
      {
        rTE = (r1toTL + rTLto2 * std::exp(-2 * k0 * fCoatedThickness * gammaTL)) /
                 (1.0 + r1toTL * rTLto2 * std::exp(-2 * k0 * fCoatedThickness * gammaTL));
      }
      // TM
      r1toTL = (fRindex1 * i * gammaTL - fCoatedRindex * fCoatedRindex * cost1) /
                  (fRindex1 * i * gammaTL + fCoatedRindex * fCoatedRindex * cost1);
      rTLto2 = (fCoatedRindex * fCoatedRindex * cost2 - fRindex2 * i * gammaTL) /
                  (fCoatedRindex * fCoatedRindex * cost2 + fRindex2 * i * gammaTL);
      if (cost1 != 0.0)
      {
        rTM = (r1toTL + rTLto2 * std::exp(-2 * k0 * fCoatedThickness * gammaTL)) /
                 (1.0 + r1toTL * rTLto2 * std::exp(-2 * k0 * fCoatedThickness * gammaTL));
      }
    }
    else
    { //Total reflection
      return(1.);
    }
  }
 
  // Angle <= Angle limit
  else //if (sinTL < 1.0)
  {
    if (cost1 > 0.0)
    {
      costTL = std::sqrt(1. - sinTL * sinTL);
    }
    else
    {
      costTL = -std::sqrt(1. - sinTL * sinTL);
    }
    // TE
    r1toTL = (fRindex1 * cost1 - fCoatedRindex * costTL) / (fRindex1 * cost1 + fCoatedRindex * costTL);
    rTLto2 = (fCoatedRindex * costTL - fRindex2 * cost2) / (fCoatedRindex * costTL + fRindex2 * cost2);
    if (cost1 != 0.0)
    {
      rTE = (r1toTL + rTLto2 * std::exp(2.0 * i * k0 * fCoatedRindex * fCoatedThickness * costTL)) /
            (1.0 + r1toTL * rTLto2 * std::exp(2.0 * i * k0 * fCoatedRindex * fCoatedThickness * costTL));
    }
    // TM
    r1toTL = (fRindex1 * costTL - fCoatedRindex * cost1) / (fRindex1 * costTL + fCoatedRindex * cost1);
    rTLto2 = (fCoatedRindex * cost2 - fRindex2 * costTL) / (fCoatedRindex * cost2 + fRindex2 * costTL);
    if (cost1 != 0.0)
    {
      rTM = (r1toTL + rTLto2 * std::exp(2.0 * i * k0 * fCoatedRindex * fCoatedThickness * costTL)) /
            (1.0 + r1toTL * rTLto2 * std::exp(2.0 * i * k0 * fCoatedRindex * fCoatedThickness * costTL));
    }
  }
 
  Reflectivity_TE = (rTE * conj(rTE)) * (E1_perp * E1_perp) / (E1_perp * E1_perp + E1_parl * E1_parl);
  Reflectivity_TM = (rTM * conj(rTM)) * (E1_parl * E1_parl) / (E1_perp * E1_perp + E1_parl * E1_parl);
  Reflectivity = Reflectivity_TE + Reflectivity_TM;
 
  return real(Reflectivity);
}